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The Cyril and Methodius cultural route reveals over 11 centuries of European historical heritage

Photo: mitropolia-sofia.org

In 2021, "The Route of Cyril and Methodius" became one of the 48 European cultural routes, and the Cyrillo-Methodian literary, cultural, and religious tradition received yet another recognition as an inseparable part of the cultural heritage of the European continent. Up to 21 countries have the potential to take part in this journey through time and space.
The idea for creating the Cyril and Methodius Cultural Route began as a joint initiative between several municipalities in the border region between the Czech Republic and Slovakia, where the lands of the once-Great Moravia were located. “The mission of Cyril and Methodius, including the creation of the first Slavic alphabet – the Glagolitic alphabet - is connected precisely with this Great Moravian mission,” explains Dr. Elka Zlateva, a research associate at the Cyrillo-Methodian Research Center at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS). 
In 2019, several organizations from both countries submitted an application to the Council of Europe to certify the route, but it was rejected with the argument that the Cyrillo-Methodian legacy covers a much broader territory of the continent. Thus, a year later, Bulgaria was invited to join the initiative, which showcases the Slavic literary and religious tradition.

Dr. Elka Zlateva
A Multifaceted Tradition
“The tradition is highly diverse - it includes church and secular holidays, educational programs, art festivals, gatherings, and pilgrimages,” says Dr. Zlateva. “This is a multilayered heritage, formed over more than eleven centuries on European soil, becoming part of the identity of many Slavic nations. Naturally, it has enormous importance for Bulgarian national identity.”

Bulgarian Landmarks in the Route

What traces of the work of Cyril and Methodius and their disciples can be found in Bulgaria that are included in the European cultural route?

“There is a great variety of sites - churches, museums, archaeological reserves, architectural complexes,” replies the scholar. “Intangible cultural heritage also plays a significant role, in the form of secular and religious holidays, cultural and educational programs, and commemorative events. To date, many sites related to Cyril and Methodius have been identified in Bulgaria. Since their disciples and followers lived and worked here, the memory of the work of the Seven Saints is also preserved on Bulgarian soil.”

Saints Cyril and Methodius Monastery in Gorna Banya
There are 115 churches dedicated to Saints Cyril and Methodius and their disciples, two monasteries bearing the brothers' name - the Gorna Banya and Klisura monasteries, 11 chapels, around 100 votive offerings, just as many cultural centers (chitalishta), 264 schools, four universities, and of course, the National Library of Bulgaria. 

Interestingly, the Bulgarian diaspora abroad also actively preserves the memory of the Holy Brothers, with 37% of Bulgarian Sunday schools abroad choosing them as their patron saints.

National Library Saints Cyril and Methodius
A Knowledge “Package” for Visitors

Every foreigner who visits Bulgaria as part of the Cyril and Methodius cultural route receives an essential “package” of knowledge:

“Bulgaria played a key role in preserving and developing the Slavic literary and written tradition",  Dr. Zlateva says, laying an emphasis on perhaps the most important fact. “And here’s a distinction that even we Bulgarians don’t always make: Cyril and Methodius created the first Slavic alphabet - the Glagolitic script - while their disciples adapted it and created a new alphabet, the Cyrillic, named after their mentor. It's also important to note that Cyrillic is one of the most widely used writing systems in the world, with over 300 million users today. Moreover, with Bulgaria's accession to the EU, Cyrillic was recognized as a European script, and the first Cyrillic letters have already appeared on the €5 banknotes. We hope that after our adoption of the euro, and the minting of Bulgarian euro coins, these symbols of our cultural identity will become even more recognizable across the continent.”
The oldest known inscription in Cyrillic dating from the year 921
Cultural Tourism in Bulgaria

Foreign tourists passing through Bulgaria along the transnational route visit the sites of the former Bulgarian capitals, as well as monasteries that preserve the oldest Cyrillic inscriptions to date  - like the rock monastery near the village of Krepcha, home to the oldest known Cyrillic inscription, dating to the year 921. Their attention is also drawn to libraries and museums that house valuable Glagolitic and Cyrillic manuscripts. Added to this are various forms of intangible cultural heritage: calligraphy workshops, local history schools, and programs introducing local and regional heritage monuments.


“A key feature of the Cyril and Methodius Route is that it is not strictly a pilgrimage route,” adds Dr. Zlateva. “It includes various dimensions, one of which is a research network, involving institutes and universities that study this legacy, as well as educational organizations that work with children and youth on various initiatives. Bulgaria has the potential to develop authentic cultural tourism, but new, more engaging formats are needed to appeal to modern travelers. It turns out that in recent years, the most popular form of alternative tourism is cycling tourism.”

The Need for Better Infrastructure

To develop cycling routes that guide tourists through key sites related to Bulgarian history and culture, however, good infrastructure is essential.

Historical site Ravna Monastery near Provadia
“Unfortunately, access to many iconic sites from the First and Second Bulgarian Empires and the Bulgarian National Revival period is hindered due to poor infrastructure,” the scholar notes. "There are sites that have not even been made accessible to the public - for example, the royal monasteries in the village of Ravna near Provadia, researched over the years by the team of Prof. Kazimir Popkonstantinov, but still inaccessible to tourists. Institutions are not showing much interest in the cultural routes program."

Despite these challenges, “The Route of Cyril and Methodius” continues to evolve, and its network is expanding.

“Cultural routes are a fascinating tool that seeks different approaches to presenting cultural heritage to today’s citizens - curious, demanding, and searching,” concludes Dr. Elka Zlateva, who believes in their bright future.

Read also:


Photos: Diana Tsankova, kmnc.bg, БТА, mitropolia-sofia.org, Miroslav Georgiev, muzei-provadia.com 
English version: Rositsa Petkova



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